According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 5.3 million students - 10.6 percent of US public school enrollment - are classified as English learners. The number grew through the 2010s and continues to climb. In 13 states and Washington DC, ELLs make up at least 10 percent of students; in New Mexico, the figure reaches 18.8 percent. Most are in elementary grades: nearly 15 percent of US kindergarteners are ELLs.
Research synthesis points to four practices with the strongest evidence base: explicit vocabulary instruction, structured English-language interaction with peers, sheltered content instruction with built-in language scaffolds, and multimodal access to grade-level texts. The federal Office of English Language Acquisition makes the same case in its January 2025 evidence brief on instructional practices for English learners.
A 2024 meta-analysis in Language Teaching Research (Li, Tong, Irby et al.) examined the effects of scaffolding, graphic organizers, interactive read-aloud, and leveled questioning on ELL reading comprehension - and found measurable gains across all four. The Mote tools above were chosen because they map directly to these evidence-based practices: read-aloud for comprehensible input, predictive text for scaffolded output, and in-context dictionary lookup for vocabulary depth.